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Varicose veins (varicose veins) is a chronic disease, in which the veins are subjected to the expansion component, which occurs simultaneously with the violation in the process of the flow of blood and stagnation in the framework of the venous system. Varicose veins, with symptoms that develop in response to the impact of a series of predisposing reasons, manifests itself in the form of development characteristic of the rough-large, curvy and thick veins, strikes the lower limbs, because it is on the field of defeat, and it will be in our article today.
Varicose veins are a phenomenon widespread enough. Thus, in accordance with a variety of data, you can select a report using the frequency of occurrence of this disease according to sex. Thus, approximately 89% of the varicose veins of the legs are facing women and about 66% of men, the indicators that are particularly relevant for developed countries. In the framework of a larger study conducted in the city of Edinburgh, in 1999, it was revealed that the varicose veins true for women to 40% and 32% for men. On the basis of a survey of Moscow in 2004, it was noted that the chronic diseases with the defeat of veins in the lower limbs, true for 50% of men and 67% women. Approximately a similar trend was obtained for the research on the Kamchatka peninsula, a few years later. What is remarkable, in recent years, the most often considered by us pathology diagnosed in school-age children.
In addition to the already noticed by the reader of the predisposition of women to the development of varicose veins of the lower limbs, you can also add the fact that the age has also acted as a factor. Thus, after 45 years of getting sick of varicose veins, much more likely, although, once again, in addition to the early childhood is a disease to exclude, unfortunately, is not necessary.
In particular, in this subsection, we will present the features of this mechanism, which defines a framework for the development of varicose veins. As the trigger for the violation adequate work for the venous valves in the event of the occurrence of recall blood current, it is defined as the reflux. In the context of a cellular level depends on the offence imbalance physiological which appeared between the collagen, elastic fibers in the vein wall and the muscle cells.
The initial phase, subject to the availability of the risk factors at the genetic level, as well as during the impact of trigger factors (as one of them, for example, you can indicate a long stay in a standing position, etc), characterized by the fact that slows down the flow of venous blood. This includes and the change of this parameter like shear-stress, which means a collection of a series of indicators relevant to the movement of the blood vessel, on this parameter, in turn, reacts endothelium. Recall that, in general, the definition of the endothelium is a layer-based flat-type cells mezenhimnogo of origin, which is ensured by the coating of the internal surface of the lymphatic vessels, and blood, as well as of the cardiac chambers. The reaction of the cells of the endothelium occurs on all of these changes, resulting starts the mechanism of the reaction, it is called "leukocyte rolling".
At this stage, did not finally studied the characteristics of the interaction of the leukocytes, looking to the endothelium, but we know they will "ride" along its surface. With long-term action suggestive factor is robust enough to attach them to cells of the endothelium, which is the basis for the activation of the inflammatory process. This process spreads through the vein of the lower limbs, causing, thus, the dysfunction of endothelial cells, gradually the vein wall is subjected to a defeat already in all its thickness and depth. Especially quickly this process occurs in conditions of venous valves, they are very to the exhibition to them of the mechanical loads.
Initially subjected to defeat it is to those of valves, which are the most mechanical. Pathological the ejection of the blood in this case passes through the mouth of the small and great saphenous veins, in some cases, a pathological process, it is by large size of vienna. Because of the emerging in the area of the superficial veins of the excess volume of venous blood of the wall begins to undergo hyperextension. As a result, the blood, the information contained in the context of the environment of the surface of the bed venous, the total begins to accumulate, after which, already an increase of its scope, continuous drainage of blood through a large vein deep in the system with development in a context of exposure increased. This, in turn, causes the development of the dilation in the large veins (extension) with insufficient valve.
After that, work for venous muscle pump accompanied by a drop of blood in the subcutaneous network, what is happening in is no longer relevant to the establishment of large veins. This leads to the emergence of the so-called "horizontal reflux" for the account of the education which, in turn, decreases the ejection fraction at the time of the systole venous muscle pump (kinematics, with a process of rejection to a certain point, the blood in the aorta where the status of the heart muscle with palpitations). In a surface current during this operation, the additional volume of blood. On the background of the listed processes effectiveness of the venous muscle pump is turned off.
In the future, develops a dynamic of the form of venous hypertension, where the walk is accompanied by a decrease of pressure up to those numbers, which allow to ensure an adequate level of perfusion (here it is the passage of blood through the tissues. This image is in the course of the disease pathological, because of this fact develops venous insufficiency in the chronic form of its manifestations. With it first the appearance of a swelling, and then in the hypodermis begin to fall out of the elements of blood, such as white blood cells and red blood cells, which leads to hyperpigmentation. The maintenance of current violations relating to the stasis of the blood and microcirculation, as well as aggravate it leads to the destruction of the skin followed by formation of an ulcer trophic.
One of the diseases traditionally in their review accompanied by the emission of causes and factors acting as precipitants, and varicose veins, certainly no exception on this point is not. Heredity, as well as the contribution it makes to the development of this disease, at that single moment of specialists are not distinguished. It is known that some families of several generations can cope with this disease, but at this point taken all the same consider that as the prevalence of factors in the development of the disease discusses the characteristics of the nutrition, hormone levels, and the mode of life of the patients.
As one of the main factors, for example, discusses the obesity.In addition, the increase in the frequency of development of this disease, such as varicose veins, in proportion increases with the patient, the degree of severity specified form factor, it is the occasion of an increase of the degree of obesity. Quite often as a servant of the obesity factors is considered a sedentary lifestyle combined with poor nutrition (or a question without a relationship with him). In addition, the industrialised countries now are characterized by a predominance in the diet of the population of products highly processed, which, however, is not always combined with enough consumption of fiber-based plant. It is the plant fibers used in the composition of fruits and vegetables provide a degree of strengthening of the vascular wall. At the same time with their help is provided through an exception process-level relevant problem such as the development of chronic constipation, while it is the constipation is one of the main reasons for the increase of the abdominal pressure and the development of the varicose disease in this context.
The characteristics of the process organization of work also play an important role in the development of varicose veins. Given the fact that the majority of our time in the lesson to a certain position (standing or sitting, which partly depends on the professional activity, for example), it must affect the relevance of the negative impact on the impact of this way on the valve of the device of the vein. Not less unfavourable background for the development of the disease in question is a heavy work, in which the load is performed by fits (for example, activities related to lifting heavy objects), which is harmful to the lower limbs. It should also be noted that the smaller is the role of the effects on the valves, the veins and with frequent crossings and trips, because they involve the development of a stasis in the leg veins of blood, because of what, in consequence, increases the risk for development of venous disease.
Then, it is important to distinguish the role of the elements of the wardrobe in the development of varicose veins. Thus, for example, in accordance with the fashion trends a few people must be thinking, what harm can cause underwear. Not quite, the truth, normal, narrow, and its role consists in particular of the influence on the veins in the area of the folds of the groin. The wearing of corsets leads to an increase in abdominal pressure, therefore, determines the relevance of the recommendations on the part of the ineligibility for permanent wear. And, finally, shoes. In the framework of the examination of varicose veins, it is important to consider that high-heeled shoes is harmful because of the expense, such as harmful and footwear with uncomfortable inner soles.
Pregnancy, such as the relocation of the pregnancy is considered to be already proven to be a risk factor for the subsequent development of venous disease. Due to the increase of the uterus is subject to the improving of the abdominal pressure, and due to the influence of the hormone progesterone has a potential negative impact on the area of the wall of the vein, due to the destruction of elastic and collagen fibers.
On the merits of certain diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, etc), similarly, pregnancy may change the state of a patient, due to risk of risk of venous disease increases also. In addition to this, it remains to add that the presence of chronic liver diseases is also considered as a predisposing factor in the development of varicose veins. To these diseases is part of the cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis etc
During the examination of the reasons that encourage varicose veins, will not be amiss to re-emphasize the characteristics of the structure of the veins in the lower limbs, although in a slightly different version, as we have seen, as a mechanism that controls the development of this disease.
Therefore, there are several systems of veins, it is a system of superficial veins of the small and the great saphenous vein in this group, the system of the deep veins with the deep veins of the thigh and leg, as well as the large veins that allow communication of deep and superficial vein. In good conditions of operation, the backflow of blood in the area of the feet is provided by the system of deep veins (90%) and in the system of the superficial veins (respectively 10%). Provide for the circulation of the blood to the heart, not in the reverse direction of this program, is due to the action of valves, concentrated in the walls of the veins. A lot of the role and characteristics of the muscle contraction, which is also ensured to be sufficient in the blood stream. Worst of all, the promotion of blood occurs when the vertical position would be insufficient or is not excluded by the movement of the muscles and their reduction. In this case, stasis of blood, the pressure in the veins increases, because of what happens to their extension. All this leads to the insufficiency of the valve of the device, as well as to the sub-closed doors of the valve, because of the blood that moves the wrong way, from the heart.
In particular, rapidly defeat subject to valves in the deep veins, because it is the main part of the mass of the load. Because of the anomalies of the current process blood from the deep veins are overloaded by the volume of blood. For the realization of the reduction of the excessive pressure occurs the discharge of blood in the superficial veins, through engaging communication veins. The superficial veins in this schema are not designed for them have undergone significant amounts of blood. For this reason, their walls reach a state of distension, which occurs with the formation of varicose veins nodes. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the largest volume of blood while continuing to move in the direction of the deep veins, develops the technology of failure, the communication veins, during which horizontal current of blood as to the depth and the surface of the vessels. In the end on the bottom of the listed processes venous insufficiency is already chronic, resulting also previously identified by swelling, pain and ulcers trophic.
